The Role of Ethnic Identity in Political Mobilization: An Analytical Review

Abstract

Ethnic identity plays a pivotal role in political mobilization, particularly in regions where political allegiance is closely intertwined with ethnic affiliations. This analytical review examined how political actors exploit ethnic identity to galvanize support, frame electoral strategies, and consolidate power. Ethnic-based mobilization often taps into deep-seated historical, social, and cultural ties, creating a sense of collective identity that political leaders can manipulate to enhance group loyalty and participation. In diverse societies, ethnicity can serve as both a tool for inclusion and exclusion, where political parties and movements may emphasize ethnic solidarity to attract votes or push specific agendas. The study utilized a descriptive and analytical design which aimed to analyze and synthesize findings from various studies to understand how ethnic identity influences political mobilization. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for the study. The sample consisted 150 respondents. The data collection process involved documentary review, literature review and conducting individual interviews on the participants. The collected data were analyzed using themes and content analysis from the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that ethnic identity significantly influences political behavior and participation. It underscores that individuals often align their political affiliations and mobilization efforts with their ethnic group, driven by shared cultural values, historical narratives, and collective grievances. Additionally, the findings highlighted how ethnic identity can both unify communities for political action and create divisions within broader national contexts. The study therefore recommended for governments to facilitate dialogues and forums that bring together various ethnic groups to discuss political representation and participation.