International Journal of Research

The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Incidental Language Learning

Ch. Aparna — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper focuses on the role of social media platforms in incidental language learning, or language acquisition as a by-product to doing non-pedagogical communicative acts, and that social media platforms can be used as a significant affordance to vocabulary development, pragmatic competence, multimodal literacy, and motivation. Basing on cognitive and sociocultural theories of second-language acquisition, synthesising data of the empirical and conceptual research, the paper recognises the mechanisms of how social media promotes incidental learning (ubiquitous exposure, repetition of retrieval opportunity, contextualised input, and peer interaction), features of different platforms to particular learning processes, and pedagogical implications. The article also identifies limitations (noise and distraction, shallow processing, unequal access, and privacy concern), design ideas to teacher-mediated use, and future research directions to help us learn more about the influences of social media patterns, affordances, and algorithms on learner attributes to determine how they proactively generate incidental language findings. The conclusion has implications to the classroom practitioners, instructional designers and policymakers interested in utilizing social media ecologies in a responsible manner in an effort to supplement formal instruction of language.

AI In Humanitarian Work: Protecting Refugees and Vulnerable Groups

Dr. Purba Ganguly — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The twenty-first century is defined by two major global phenomena—the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the intensification of humanitarian crises affecting millions worldwide. With over 120 million people forcibly displaced as of 2025 (UNHCR), the need for innovative humanitarian solutions is more urgent than ever. AI, capable of simulating human intelligence for complex problem-solving, has begun transforming humanitarian operations through predictive analytics, biometric registration, and language translation tools that enhance aid delivery and crisis management. However, the integration of AI into humanitarian work raises critical ethical and human rights concerns, particularly regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and surveillance risks among vulnerable populations. This article explores the dual nature of AI in humanitarian contexts—its potential to enhance protection and efficiency alongside its capacity to infringe on dignity and autonomy. It emphasizes that AI’s responsible and equitable application must be grounded in transparency, accountability, inclusivity, and respect for human rights.

ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement and Trans-Border Closure: Implications on United Nations-ECOWAS Partnership

Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study focused on strengthening UN – ECOWAS partnership towards sustaining Ecowas protocol on free movement of trades and persons. Consequently, the paper posit that the cardinal objective of Ecowas protocol which is to strengthen the economy of member states have suffered setback of recent as characterize by national security infriction as argued by some member states; this has led to Trans – Border closure. In this context, the paper examined national security as the object of Trans – Border closure.

Impact of Team Teaching on Mathematics Students' Achievement in Tertiary Institutions in Delta State

Comfort C. Onyeneho, Blessing Omokaro, Chinedu Ekwemuka, Philip Babundo Ekene — Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to examine the impact of team teaching on mathematics student's achievement in tertiary institutions in Delta State. A quasi-experimental research design will be employed, utilizing a pretest-posttest control group approach. The experimental group will experience mathematics instruction through a team-teaching model, while the control group will continue with conventional single-teacher methods. The experiment will be conducted before and after the intervention to measure changes in learning outcomes, student engagement, and teacher professional development. The study is based on a sample of mathematics lecturers from the Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba and Dennis Osadebay University Asaba in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The sample will be divided into two groups: a control group and a group with a single teacher. The control group receives a questionnaire to measure students' levels of engagement and participation in mathematics lessons. The group will receive a pre-and post-test test to determine how team teaching improves students' academic performance in mathematics. Results from the study indicate that team teaching enhances problem-solving skills, academic performance, and student engagement in mathematics classes. In conclusion, it was recommended that: Tertiary institutions should incorporate team teaching into mathematics curricula to enhance student understanding and academic performance ;Regular training and workshops should be organized to equip lecturers with effective team-teaching skills; Clear communication and role definition among teaching team members are essential to avoid confusion and ensure productive collaboration; Institutions should monitor and evaluate the outcomes of team teaching to identify areas for improvement and measure its impact on student achievement and Encouraging interdisciplinary team teaching can help students connect mathematical concepts to real-world applications, enriching their learning experience.

Influence of Peer Pressure on Youth Involvement in Cybercrime in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the influence of peer pressure on youth involvement in cybercrime in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Three research objectives and two hypotheses guided this study. The theoretical framework is based on strain theory. A descriptive survey design was employed, and the study sample size consisted of 397 youth residents of Onitsha North Local Government Area, aged 18 years and above. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, through frequency count, percentage, mean ratings, and charts, while chi-square (χ²) inferential statistics was used in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that peer group pressure influences youth involvement in cybercrime in the study area. The implications include erosion of moral values, intimidation of the public with questionable riches, violation of laws, weakening of judicial processes and intrusion of cyberspace, among others. Additionally, the study found that female respondents are not significantly more likely to perceive peer pressure as a leading factor in youth involvement in cybercrime (p = 0.210, > 0.05). Similarly, respondents with tertiary education are not significantly more likely to consider advance-fee-fraud (yahoo) as a prevailing form of cybercrime in Onitsha North compared to those with lower levels of education (p = 0.104, > 0.05). The study concludes that if no stringent measures are taken to curb the menace, cybercrime will not only sustain Nigeria's negative reputation in the comity of nations but also potentially destroy the nation's youth population. It recommends that the government should identify and address other social conditions, such as unemployment, that lead youth to engage in cybercrime, in addition to addressing peer pressure. Furthermore, the study suggests that the society should discourage the culture of celebrating wealth without clear processes.

Tiffin Service Made Smarter with E-Commerce and Chatbot Integration

Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The trend is strong among working professionals, students and those who live in a city who want healthy food with minimal effort. But the tiffin system continues to function till date in a largely disorganised and inefficient manner. They are labour-intensive, there is little access to them and they do not engage with the clients digitally.

This work presents an intelligent e-commerce platform, Tiffin Service. Its objective is to digitalize and automate the tiffin order system by adding an AI-based chatbot feature for real-time customer support. People can look at menus, customise their meal plan, adjust subscriptions and receive instantaneous responses to any questions on a user friendly online interface.

Engineered with latest web technologies and artificial intelligence instruments, the system increases customer satisfaction and industry efficiency to reduce human intervention. It connects users with small food sellers. Combining automation and personalisation, this is a forward thinking in To the rapidly moving digital age where demand for convenient, clean yet home-cooked meals has surged. This approach looks to transform the traditional Tiffin service delivery model into a customer focused digital business that would be technology driven. In addition, the study investigates architecture of the system, research methods methodology and user interface design, a chatbot combination and expected business as well as social implications from implementing that model within an increasingly competitive industry such as food service.

Effect of Public-Private Partnership Managerial Support on Housing Infrastructural Development in Niger State, Nigeria

Bagudu Mohammed Waziri, Abdullahi Babandako Yusuf, Shuaib Ndagi Sayedi — Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effect of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) managerial support on housing infrastructural development in Niger State, Nigeria. Housing infrastructure is fundamental to socio-economic development, yet many regions in Nigeria, including Niger State, suffer from persistent housing deficits due to institutional weaknesses, poor project management, and funding challenges. PPPs have been proposed as a viable framework to enhance housing delivery by integrating private sector expertise with public oversight. However, while the financing aspect of PPPs has been widely explored, limited attention has been given to how managerial support. Using a survey design, data was collected from 264 respondents comprising staff from the Niger State Ministry of Works and Infrastructural Development and civil servant allotees. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, including Pearson Product Moment Correlation, were employed to analyze the data. Findings reveal a strong positive and statistically significant relationship (r = .881, p < .01) between PPP managerial support and housing infrastructural development. Respondents acknowledged improvements in affordability and access, particularly for low-income households, but raised concerns over housing quality and sustainability. Managerial support contributed to better decision-making, transparency, and stakeholder coordination, but these have not consistently translated into resilient infrastructure. The study concludes that effective managerial support within PPPs is critical for achieving inclusive, sustainable housing infrastructure. It recommends strengthening managerial competencies, embedding monitoring mechanisms, and aligning local PPP practices with global standards to optimize housing delivery outcomes.

TrainEx – A Platform to Bridge Classrooms and Companies

Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The gap between academic curricula and industry requirements further exacerbates the employability scenario of engineering graduates in today's fast-evolving technological world. In this regard, TrainEx was envisioned as a web-based platform aimed at bridging academic institutions and professional trainers from industry through an intuitive, transparent, and secure interface.

The platform, designed on React and Next.js, has two major user roles: Institute and Trainer, along with an Admin panel for tracking and verification purposes. Institutes can search for and filter trainers according to skill, experience, and location, while trainers can manage profiles, upload credentials, and respond to collaborations. A built-in messaging system allows institutes to communicate directly with trainers upon sending the request.

The proposed system streamlines industrial training coordination, minimizes communication delays, and ascertains verified interactions through admin supervision. Findings from the pilot deployment reveal that TrainEx improves the efficiency of coordination by 60%, enhances transparency, and strengthens collaboration between industry professionals and academic institutions.

Student Reflections on Community Service Involvement for Sustainable Extension Initiatives at the University of Cebu Main Campus

Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Higher education institutions play a vital role in shaping not only the intellectual capabilities of students but also their sense of social responsibility. Through community engagement and service-learning initiatives, universities create opportunities for learners to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations while fostering empathy, leadership, and civic participation. These programs serve as dynamic platforms where academic learning meets community service, allowing students to gain hands-on experience, develop essential skills, and contribute meaningfully to society.

According to (Cress et al., 2023), service learning bridges academic instruction and community involvement by encouraging reflection, critical thinking, and a commitment to social change. Similarly, (Grant, 2025) emphasized that experiential learning helps students connect classroom theories with practical experiences, enhancing their understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities. Moreover, (Eichberg & Charles, 2024) noted that civic universities must promote inclusive and transformative pedagogical approaches aligned with sustainable development goals, ensuring that students’ learning experiences contribute to long-term social and environmental progress.

In the context of the University of Cebu, programs such as skills and livelihood training, community outreach, and sustainable livelihood initiatives exemplify the institution’s commitment to holistic education and community service. These activities not only strengthen students’ professional competencies but also instill the university’s core values of stewardship, excellence, and social involvement. As (Dohnalová & Zelenková, 2024) highlighted, volunteerism and service learning reinforce civic engagement and foster collaboration between academic institutions and communities.

Thus, this study explores the impact of community extension and service-learning programs implemented by the University of Cebu, particularly in relation to students’ personal growth, professional development, and appreciation of civic responsibility. It seeks to understand how participation in these programs contributes to achieving the university’s educational goals and the sustainable development of the community it serves.

Natural Resource Management- A Geographical Study on the Aravali Mountain Range in Rajasthan

Rubi Kumari, Pankaj Rawal — Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Natural resource management is the process of managing the supply of access to natural resources for the survival of livelihood and the growth of sustainable development.

Numerous populations in Rajasthan relied on the Aravali, the longest mountain range in Rajasthan, for their livelihoods. It was rich in minerals and ores, had a diverse range of flora and fauna, a large number of trees and saplings, and was the source of rivers like the Luni, Sabarmati, Banas, and Ghaggar.

The Aravali has a diverse environment and is also known as the Green Lungs of Rajasthan. The Aravali serves as Rajasthan's geographical boundary, shielding the plains from the desert. The people rely on the Aravali for economic progress and a sustainable way of life. Water use for industrialization and urbanization, and the use of flora and fauna for urbanization are examples of dependencies that contribute to climate change, groundwater depletion, and variations in agricultural production. the Government, along with the local communities, focuses on increasing the number of wetlands, preservation of flora and fauna, the Harit Aravali Yojna as an Aravali green Wall, increasing in Conservation reserve area, and many more. The VFPMC (Village Forest Protection and Management Committee) and EDC (Ecology Development Committee) are focusing on Plantation, conservation, and management of forest areas, illegal tree cutting, encroachment, and guiding and motivating people for the safeguarding of the natural resources. The natural resource management focuses on Water management through making Dams and check dams, connecting the dams by way of making canals.

Flux Requirement with the Constraint of Hardness and Heat-affected Zone Area in Submerged Arc Welding

Brijpal Singh , Narender Singh — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The fuzzy logic optimization technique has been used for selection of optimal flux for making low carbon steel welds of high quality. The response surface methodology has been opted and binary, ternary phase diagrams of steels has been used for design of fluxes. The heat affected area affects the properties of base metal so it becomes of utmost importance to select it as a response. It is very important in SAW. The important weld mechanical properties are ultimate tensile strength, hardness and impact strength. The flux composition is very important in deciding the weld metal properties so efforts should be made for desifn, manufacturing and selection of optimal flux for the required joint properties. In this case hardness and HAZ area has been considered as main parameters as output .The optimal flux contains CaF₂ 5%, FeMn 8% and NiO 5% The results obtained in this experimental study have been verified by doing confirmatory tests.

Media Coverage of Reclaiming Public Schools by Abia State Government: An Analysis of the Abia State Government's Efforts to Reclaim Public Schools Handed Over to Churches and Individuals, and the Implications for Education in Abia State.

Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the media coverage of the Abia State government's initiative to reclaim public schools that were previously handed over to churches and private individuals. The research focuses on the implications of this reclamation for the education system in Abia State, highlighting the ongoing struggle between public and private interests in education governance. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study analyzes media reports, interviews with stakeholders, and public reactions to this policy shift. Key gaps identified within the existing literature include a lack of comprehensive analyses on the socio-political context surrounding the government’s decision, and insufficient exploration of the potential impact on educational outcomes for students previously enrolled in the affected schools. Additionally, this research highlights the inadequacy of media narratives that often sensationalize the conflict without providing a balanced view of the stakeholders involved, particularly the students' perspectives and the legal implications of the handover agreements. The findings indicate a mixed public sentiment, where some view the government's actions as a necessary step towards restoring educational standards, while others perceive it as an encroachment on private rights and grassroots efforts. Furthermore, the study draws attention to the role of media in shaping public discourse and policy perception regarding education reforms. It concludes that without a nuanced understanding and coverage of this process, critical elements influencing the educational landscape in Abia State may be overlooked, thereby necessitating more inclusive and reflective media practices to promote transparency and accountability in educational governance. This research contributes to the discourse on education policy and the role of media in civic engagement, providing foundational insights for further studies in educational reforms and public management.

Ultra-Processed Foods and Their Implications for Human Health and Nutrition

Naziya Parveen, Neetu Yadav, Shalu Nehra, Jyoti Gour — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid global rise in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has become a major public health concern. UPFs are industrially manufactured products rich in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and sodium, while being low in essential nutrients and dietary fiber. This review explores the relationship between UPF consumption and long-term health outcomes, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Using evidence from recent epidemiological and clinical studies, the paper highlights the biological mechanisms linking UPFs to metabolic dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. The review also discusses the socio-economic and behavioral determinants influencing UPF intake, such as urbanization, affordability, and aggressive food marketing. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of policy measures—such as front-of-pack labeling, reformulation strategies, and public awareness programs—in reducing UPF consumption. Promoting minimally processed, nutrient-dense traditional diets is essential for improving population health and achieving sustainable food systems.

Prevalence of Preventive Measures of COVID-19 and its Associated Factors Among People Attending Health Facility, in Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.

Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Statement of the problem: corona virus is highly contagious disease and has challenging impact in health care system, social, economic, and psychological wellbeing of humanity. The world health organization (WHO) declares corona virus as a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January, 2020.the best prevention is to avoid being exposed to the virus.

OBEJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of preventive measures and associated factors towards coronary virus (Covid19) among community attending to health center in arada sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April -August/2022G.C.

METHODS and Materials: this thesis applied institutional based cross-sectional study. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Structured and pre tested questionnaire were used for data collection. The data was then analyzed by SPSS version 25 statistical package software. Descriptive statics using frequency, proportion and table were used to present the study result. Binary logistic regression analyze was employed to see association between practice of preventive measures and different risk factors. Variables showing significant association in bivariate analyses were fitted to multivariate regression model to identify the independent contribution of each variable for practice of preventive measures.

Result: the magnitude of practice of preventive measure of COVID 19 in this study was 32.7.factors associated with the practice among educated people were(AOR:1.98;95%CI:1.15,3.45).Family members of more than five were (AOR:1.68;95%CI:1.04,2.06), Family income (AOR:3.84;95%CI:0.13,0.54).Those who were married (AOR:2.34;95%CI:1.32,4.42).Knowledge assessment were (AOR:3.31;95%CI:1.66,6.66),and Attitude assessment were ( AOR:1.98;95%CI:0.13,0.54).The finding showed statically significant association with practice of preventive measures with P-value less than 0.05.

Conclusion: the magnitude of practice of preventive measures was low compared to previous studies. The study recommends to implement preventive measures with available set up, to give continuous information about the danger of Covid19.

Access and Use of Agricultural Information for Crop Production in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Adekemi Ireti Kehinde — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Agricultural information plays a crucial role in enhancing farmers’ decision-making, innovation adoption, and crop productivity. However, access to and utilization of such information remain uneven across Nigeria’s smallholder farming communities. This study systematically reviewed empirical evidence published between 2010 and 2025 on farmers’ access to and use of agricultural information for crop production in Nigeria. Using the PRISMA framework, relevant literature was retrieved from databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, AJOL, and ResearchGate.

The Impact of Cash Management on Financial Performance of Quoted Selected Firms in Nigeria

ABUBAKAR Yakubu, OLAIFA Oluwafemi Olumuyiwa , UMARU Dangana — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of Cash management on financial performance of selected quoted firms in Nigeria. The study has been conducted in different parts of the globe and in Nigeria with different findings which are mixed and inconclusive. The population of the study consists of ten (10) firms quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange as at 31st December 2024 out of which ten (10) firms were selected as samples for a period of Ten (10) years from 2015 to 2024 based on purposeful sampling technique. The study uses regression as a tool for analysis and adopted the correlational research design. The study shows that Inventory has no significant impact on financial performance of selected firms in Nigeria. Cash and cash equivalent has a positive significant impact on financial performance of quoted selected firms in Nigeria.

Crack It Up: Practice-Based Application for Interview Rounds

Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

To develop an AI-powered IOS application that simulates realworld interview scenarios and enhances interview preparedness by providing real-time feedback on verbal and non-verbal communication.

The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the development and implementation of "Crack It Up: Practice Based Application For Interview Round," an innovative application for iOS, for students to enhance the essential skills for gaining employment. The application focuses on students' preparatory practices for assessments on campus and beyond, for example, aptitude assessments, coding tests, and even training experiences. The process was designed in the programming language Swift in an Xcode environment so students can interactively practice multiple-choice questions in real time while measuring their progress and performance within areas of their academic and professional disciplines.

Overall, this project aims to create pathways to learning that connect the traditional academic learning environment to job market demand, while providing a personalized, approachable, and timely resource that supports students in preparing for competition in preparation for testing and interviews. Each student would be able to practice questions about aptitude or coding that have been contextualized in their respective disciplines. Thus, while the app addresses a narrow scope of preparation, the app can be designed and utilized at scale across all academic disciplines.

Moreover, the present study points to future improvements that will entail developing a virtual AI-based personalized interviewer that can hold dynamic mock interviews, offer personalized findings, and adjust questioning dynamically based upon both the students' skills and career goals. This will act as a tool for continual building of the students' confidence and skills with respect to interviewing in real world contexts.

Overall, the study offers a contribution to the educational technology for employability of students which will (if build) serve in scalable, adaptable, and student-sustaining way to prepare students for future employment assessments. The study indicates the potential of educational technology (via combinations of mobile technology and artificial intelligence) to improve graduate attributes associated with employability in a competitive labor market.

ECOVIA: Advancing Circular Economy Practices Through Thrifting-Based E-Commerce and Consumer Engagement

Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The worldwide shift towards sustainable consumption placed second-hand items at the center of the circular economy, revamping consumer behavior and the digital retail market. This study introduces Ecovia, a revolutionary online second-hand shopping platform that aims to counter the ecological and economic struggles of fast fashion through the reuse, resale, and refashioning of second-hand products. Unlike conventional resale websites, Ecovia involves a social model merged with an eco-impact calculator that quantifies resources saved in terms of water, co2, thereby enhancing transparency and consumer awareness.

By employing a mixed-method study, the research analyzes consumer trust, interest in repurchase, and willingness to accept second-hand clothing in terms of product quality, price sensitivity, perceived risk, and promotion channels. It also investigates the influence of online community activism and environmental concern, particularly from Generation Z, in influencing the shift away from conventional consumption behavior towards sustainable options.

The study suggests that customer trust in second-hand clothing is sustained not only by availability and affordability but also by greenness and peer-to-peer communication. By merging affordability, environmental responsibility, and lifestyle-focused trade, Ecovia demonstrates the potential for online thrifting platforms to transcend exchange-based transactions to facilitate long-term behavioral change towards sustainable consumption. The study showcases Ecovia's viability as a scalable business that fills the gap between e-commerce innovation and green responsibility, adding value to real-world solutions in sustainable fashion.

Assessment of the prevalence of Depression among Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Users with Diabetes and Associated Factors in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abrham Getachew Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Dagmawi Awoke Mulu, Zewdie Aderaw — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 diabetes is a prevalent non-communicable disease with a significant association with depression. Alongside diabetes, depression is a common comorbidity that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and disease management. The estimated prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia was 39.73%, and its subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence is about 52.9% in Addis Ababa.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among insulin and oral hypoglycemic medication users with Diabetes Mellitus in public hospitals of Addis Ababa.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa among 422 randomly selected study participants from October 1 2024, to November 30 2024. Data were collected, entered, and cleaned by Epi Info 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were presented in frequencies and percentages, and mean and inter-quartile range were used to describe continuous variables. Then, bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each independent variable regarding the presence of depression among DM patients. An adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to identify associated variables for depression, and p-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results : The prevalence of depression among DM patient was 54.27%(95% CI:49.4%-59.1%), and the prevalence of depression was 44.9% among DM participants taking oral hypoglycemic agents and 63.4% among insulin users (eventhough the difference in their mean depression scale score (8.54 Vs 9.66) was not significant (P=0.228). From multivariable logistic regression analysis variables such as level of social support(AOR: 6.24; 95% CI:1.91-20.44), type of treatment(AOR: 0.095; 95% CI: 0.009-0.9), family history of depression (AOR:0.47;95% CI:0.29-0.75) and presence of diabetic complication(AOR: 3.22; 95% CI:1.97-5.27) were significantly associated factors at a P-value of<0.05 and a 95% CI.

Conclusion: . The overall prevalence of depression was un acceptably high and showed that more than half (54.27%) of DM patients stragle to live with depression and its bad qunesqences. According to the output from multivariable logistic regression analysis, poor level of social support and having diabetic complications were found to be risk factors for depression.Conversely,not having family history of depression and taking oral hypoglycemic agents were proven to be protective factors of depression.

Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity in Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Nidhi, Jayesh Kumar — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are widely recognized for their high latent heat capacity and stable thermal performance, making them ideal for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. However, their inherently low thermal conductivity limits charging and discharging rates, reducing system efficiency. This review presents recent advancements in enhancing the thermal conductivity of PCMs through nanoparticle dispersion, structural modification, and hybrid enhancement strategies. Studies involving metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (Cu, Al₂O₃, Ag, CuO), carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene, CNTs, graphite), and novel nanostructures (MnO₂ nanowires/nanotubes) are discussed. The effects of nanoparticle type, concentration, container geometry, and hybrid systems combining fins, heat pipes, and nanoparticles are systematically analyzed. The review concludes that graphene-based and MnO₂-based nanocomposites offer superior thermal performance with minimal impact on latent heat, making them promising candidates for future TES technologies.

Music Appeal Strategy and Market Performance of Locally-Based Restaurants in Owerri, Imo State

Dinobi, Florah , Asiegbu, I Francis — Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the relationship between music appeal strategy and market performance in locally-based restaurants in Owerri, Imo State. Using a survey research method, data were collected from 40 management staff members across ten selected restaurants. A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather information on staff perceptions regarding the impact of music on customer experiences and market performance. The analysis revealed significant correlations between music appeal strategy and various performance metrics, including repeat purchases and profit margins. Specifically, music appeal strategy was found to have a strong positive relationship with repeat purchases (r = 0.572) and a moderate relationship with profit margins (r = 0.462), while its relationship with sales volume was weak (r = 0.054). The findings underscore the critical role of music in shaping customer behavior and enhancing the overall dining experience. Based on these results, recommendations are made for restaurant owners to strategically curate music selections and adapt them to different dining occasions to maximize customer satisfaction and profitability.

Psychological Determinants of Buy-Now-Pay-Later on Impulse Purchases Behavior Among Genz Mobile Phone Users.

Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the psychological determinants of Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) usage on impulse purchase behavior among Generation Z mobile phone users in Nigeria. The research explores how three core dimensions of BNPL (Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Value (PV), and Perceived Risk (PR)) influence impulsive buying tendencies. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, targeting 300 Gen Z consumers aged 18–27 with prior BNPL experience. Participants were selected through purposive sampling from leading mobile phone outlets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were gathered via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that Perceived Risk has a significant negative relationship with impulse purchase behavior, suggesting that reduced risk perceptions may amplify impulsive tendencies. Perceived Value demonstrates a moderate positive influence, indicating that value-for-money perceptions enhance the likelihood of spontaneous purchases. Conversely, Perceived Usefulness shows minimal effect, implying that utilitarian benefits play a lesser role in impulse-driven decisions. The study recommends that mobile phone retailers reduce perceived risk through secure payment frameworks and flexible return policies, emphasize value-centric promotions, and shift focus away from overly technical product attributes when marketing BNPL offerings to impulsive buyers.

Investigating Factors Associated with Substance Use among Undergraduate Students in Tertiary Institutions in Ilorin Metropolis

Kuranga, L. J., Suleiman, S. — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigating factors associated with substance use among undergraduate students in tertiary institutions in Ilorin metropolis using Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin as case study. The study employed 1500 self-administered questionnaires, which were distributed to students across the five institutes for filling to randomly selected participants. Data collected for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square (χ²) test. The findings of the study showed that the prevalence of substance use/drug abuse was 36% which was a bit higher than most obtained from related previous studies. Alcohol and prescription or non-prescription of medication are mostly types of substance use/abuse. Also, the results suggest respondents seem to agree with different factors affecting the use of drugs and substance abuse. Finally, the gender, student level, student institute, the marital status and types of substance use/drug abuse were demographic characteristics associated with substance use/ drug abuse. However, other demographic characteristics that were not associated with substance use/ drug abuse according to the study included age group, place of residence, parent/guidance level of education among others.

Research on Factors Influencing Students’ Shopping Intention on the Tiktok Platform: A Perspective from Self-Efficacy Theory

Phi Cong Manh — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to identify the factors influencing students’ shopping intention on the TikTok platform, based on the self-efficacy model. Data were collected from 212 students at Hanoi University of Industry and analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The results show that four components of self-efficacy, including direct experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion and physiological feedback, all have positive effects on shopping intention. the findings confirm the important role of self-efficacy in shaping students’ shopping behavior on TikTok and suggest that businesses should focus on improving user experience and consumer confidence to enhance marketing effectiveness.

Transitioning Agricultural Production Toward a Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Countries

Pham Thi Kiem — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Agriculture in developing countries still relies on a linear model of “extract–produce–consume–dispose,” which undermines resource efficiency and contributes to environmental degradation. The circular economy (CE) offers a transformative alternative by promoting resource regeneration, recycling, and waste valorization. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of applying CE principles in agriculture, using theoretical foundations from ecological systems theory and sustainable innovation, while drawing lessons from international experiences in the European Union, China, and India. Key opportunities include more efficient use of land, water, and inputs; value creation from agricultural by-products such as biogas and organic fertilizers; alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 12, 13, and 15); and expanded access to global markets for sustainable products. However, major barriers persist, including inadequate policy frameworks, limited access to green finance, weak technological capacity, reliance on traditional practices, and difficulties in meeting quality standards. The study proposes a phased roadmap that combines short-term awareness and pilot projects, medium-term expansion of successful models with financial and infrastructural support, and long-term institutionalization of CE principles in national strategies. Coordinated efforts among governments, agribusinesses, cooperatives, and farmers are essential to realize the potential of CE in advancing sustainable and inclusive rural development.

The Impact of Cash Management on the Financial Performance of Quoted Selected Firms in Nigeria

ABUBAKAR Yakubu, OLAIFA Oluwafemi Olumuyiwa , UMARU Dangana — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Self-Esteem as a Correlate of Academic Anxiety of Adolescents in Senior Secondary Schools in Delta State

Imasua, K. C., E. E. Ebenuwa-Okoh, F. N. Ugoji — Mon, 24 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined self-esteem as a correlate of academic anxiety among adolescents in senior secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. Guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses, the study employed a correlational research design. The research was conducted across public secondary schools in the 25 Local Government Areas of Delta State, involving a population of 32,422 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students. A multistage sampling method was utilized to select a sample size of 1,023 students. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the research instrument were carried out through expert judgement and factor analysis. The result obtained revealed that the instrument is valid and reliable for the study. Data obtained were analysed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression statistics. Mean and standard deviation were applied to answer research questions 1 and 2, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient of determination was used to answer research question 3. The hypotheses were tested using regression statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that adolescents in senior secondary schools in Delta State have high self-esteem and high academic anxiety. The finding also revealed that a significant relationship exists between self-esteem and academic anxiety. The study also found that there is a significant moderating impact of sex on the relationship between self-esteem and academic anxiety of adolescents in senior secondary schools; but no significant moderating impact of family type in the relationship between self-esteem and academic anxiety. The study recommended amongst others, that Guidance counsellors should maintain and enhance students’ self-esteem through ongoing positive reinforcement and encouragement in academic and extracurricular activities.

Childlessness and Marital Dissatisfaction Among Married Teachers in Delta State

Ehikwe, F. O., A. Onoyase, E. O. Egbule — Mon, 24 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated childlessness as a factor causing marital dissatisfaction among married teachers in Delta State. One research question and two hypotheses guided the study. The correlational research design was employed in the study. The population for the study comprised 8,526 married teachers in Delta State. A sample size of 879 married teachers were drawn through a multistage sampling method. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The instrument was assessed for face, content and construct validity by experts and factor analysis, while Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was used to check for the reliability of the items, and it yielded a coefficient of 0.81 for Marital dissatisfaction Rating Scale. The data were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation coefficient of determination, regression statistics statistics. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between childlessness and marital dissatisfaction among married teachers; but that there is no significant moderating impact of duration of marriage on the relationship between childlessness and marital dissatisfaction among married teachers in Delta State. The study recommended amongst others, that counsellors should provide guidance on coping strategies for couples facing childlessness, including emotional support and alternative family-building options.

Substance Use as Correlates of Disruptive Behaviour among Secondary School Students in Delta State

Anene, E. O., F. N. Ugoji, A. E. Oghounu — Mon, 24 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the relationship between substance use and disruptive behaviour among secondary school students in Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted the correlational research design. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The population of the study comprise 40,959 Junior Secondary School (JSS) 3 students for the 2023/2024 academic session in Delta State. The sample size of the study comprises 1,056 students. Data was collected using a questionnaire, which was validated by expert judgment and factor analysis. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. It yielded the following coefficients Substance Use Rating Scale = 0.95; and Disruptive Behaviour Rating Scale = 0.93. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher and six research assistants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. descriptive statistics was computed to answer research questions while inferential statistics of regression were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study that substance use and disruptive behaviour are low. There is a significant relationship between substance use and disruptive behaviour. There was no significant moderating impact of sex in the relationship between substance use and disruptive behaviour, but there was a significant moderating impact of school location in the relationship between substance use and disruptive behaviour among secondary school students in Delta State. Based on these findings, the study recommends that although substance use is low, counsellors should continue to provide educational programs about the risks and consequences of substance abuse.

Cryptocurrency Transactions and Exchange Rate Movements in Nigeria: A Vector Autoregression Approach

Lawrence Udofia, Supper Okijie, Ubong Effiong — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper delved into ascertaining the influence of the cryptocurrency market on the exchange rate situation in Nigeria. The study utilized monthly data from January 2018 to May 2025. The analytical techniques hinge around the ordinary least squares (OLS) approach and the vector error correction model. The OLS indicated that both the Bitcoin and Ethereum transactions in the cryptocurrency market positively affected the exchange rate in Nigeria. Thus, rising crypto market transactions therefore spurs exchange rate depreciation. The impulse response function obtained from the VAR model further indicated that exchange rate responded to shocks in crypto market transactions during the study period hence, the Nigerian foreign exchange market is not immune to crypto market distortions. The paper therefore recommended that the Nigerian monetary authority should resort to the regulation of the crypto market in order to curb excessive and uncontrolled transactions which can trigger unnecessary fluctuations of the domestic currency.

A Conceptual Exploration of Voluntary Disclosure and Market Performance in Nigeria

Dorcas Ekemejero Abiri, Mary Josiah — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This conceptual paper explores the intricate relationship between voluntary disclosure and market performance within the Nigerian corporate landscape. As firms increasingly recognize the significance of providing information beyond legal requirements, voluntary disclosure emerges as a vital tool for enhancing transparency, reducing information asymmetry, and fostering trust among stakeholders. The paper reviews existing literature, highlighting how voluntary disclosure encompasses both financial and non-financial information, including corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental performance. In the context of emerging markets like Nigeria, where regulatory frameworks may be less developed, voluntary disclosure plays a critical role in differentiating firms and maintaining competitive advantage. The analysis indicates that higher levels of voluntary disclosure are positively correlated with improved market performance indicators such as stock prices and investor trust. However, the complexities of voluntary disclosure practices, influenced by factors such as ownership structure, corporate governance, and market conditions, necessitate a nuanced understanding of its implications. The paper emphasizes the need for a comprehensive regulatory framework to standardize voluntary disclosures and recommends strategies for promoting transparency, such as investor education, technological integration, and stakeholder engagement. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on corporate governance by providing insights into how voluntary disclosure can be leveraged to enhance market performance, ultimately benefiting both firms and investors in Nigeria’s evolving capital markets.

Capital Structure and Effective Tax Rate in Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Itefue Emuerhime Evelyn, Clement Edojor Ozele — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this study the author aims to evaluate the effect of capital structure on effective tax rate of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The scope of this study covers a 10-year period ranging from 2013 to 2022. The independent variables of interest which were employed in other to ascertain the possible effect include; leverage, long-term debt and short-term debt. Specifically, the author conducts pre regression analysis which includes descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and normality of residua analysis. Basically, the pool Ordinary Least Square Regression analysis was first conducted, and diagnostic tests were carried out to check if it violates the basic Gauss Markov Theorem and assumptions. Particularly, the researcher finds that the outcome from the OLS estimator reveals that: leverage has a positive significant effect on effective tax rate of listed Manufacturing firms in Nigeria. long-term debt has a negative significant effect on effective tax rate of listed Manufacturing firms in Nigeria; and short-term debt has a negative significant effect on effective tax rate of listed Manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Results from the robust standard error estimator leads to the conclusion that leverage can increase effective tax rate while short-term and long-term debt reduces the effective tax rate of the firms under consideration. This study recommends that governments be stricter in overseeing firm tax policies and practices by exploiting the loopholes contained in the taxation rules, one of which is by applying capital structure practices.

Moderating Effect of Foreign Ownership Structure on Firm Attributes and Financial Reporting Timeliness in Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria

Dorcas Ekemejero Abiri, Yemisi F. Bosun-Fakunle — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the effect of firm attributes (firm size, leverage, and profitability) on financial reporting timeliness, while also exploring the moderating role of foreign ownership. Using an ex post facto research design, the study employs data from 21 consumer goods firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group between 2013 and 2022. Secondary data were collected and analyzed using robust regression techniques to account for potential heteroscedasticity and ensure the reliability of results. The findings reveal that firm size and leverage have an insignificant effect on financial reporting timeliness, suggesting that these attributes do not substantially impact the speed of reporting. In contrast, profitability shows a significant negative effect, indicating that more profitable firms tend to delay their financial disclosures. Furthermore, the study finds that foreign ownership significantly moderates the relationship between profitability and financial reporting timeliness but does not significantly affect the relationship between firm size or leverage and timeliness. These findings underscore the need for corporate managers and policymakers to enforce stricter compliance measures and consider the role of ownership structure in promoting timely financial disclosures. The study recommends that firms with significant foreign ownership adopt enhanced transparency practices to align with global standards. For regulators, developing guidelines that address the unique challenges of profitability-related delays can improve overall reporting timeliness. Future research should extend the scope to other sectors and consider additional variables such as governance practices or market conditions to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing financial reporting timeliness in different contexts.

Firm-Specific Determinant of Intellectual Capital Disclosure of Listed Financial Service Firms in Nigeria

Itefue Emuerhime Evelyn, Yemisi F. Bosun-Fakunle — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the growing importance of intangible assets in the global knowledge economy, intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) among Nigerian banks remains patchy, limiting stakeholders’ ability to make informed decisions and undermining market efficiency. This study investigates the firm-specific determinants of ICD by focusing on listed Nigerian banks over the period 2013–2022, with the primary aim of understanding how organizational attributes shape disclosure practices. Drawing on a purposive sample of twelve banks from the Nigerian Exchange Group, the research employs a robust ex post facto design and leverages content analysis to quantify ICD from annual reports, while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is utilized to estimate the effects of the independent variables. The findings reveal that firm size and performance (ROA) significantly enhance ICD, reflecting the tendency of larger and more profitable banks to be more transparent, while firm age exhibits a negative effect, suggesting that older banks may be more conservative or resistant to contemporary reporting standards. Leverage, meanwhile, is found to be statistically insignificant in influencing disclosure. These results highlight the heterogeneous impact of organizational characteristics on ICD and demonstrate that regulatory strategies and managerial actions should be sensitive to firm size, performance, and generational dynamics. The study concludes that a one-size-fits-all approach to disclosure regulation may be ineffective, advocating instead for targeted policies and managerial efforts that encourage broader and more meaningful ICD, particularly among smaller and older banks. By addressing an underexplored context with a rigorous methodological approach, this research not only advances the literature on intellectual capital reporting but also delivers actionable insights for regulators, managers, investors, and policy makers navigating the evolving landscape of corporate transparency. The originality of this paper lies in its integration of regional context, contemporary theoretical perspectives, and empirically grounded recommendations for practice and policy in an emerging market setting.

Youth Unemployment and National Security in Nigeria: The Case of National Youth Programmes

Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One of the biggest societal issues facing the world now is insecurity. Nigeria's youth unemployment rate is currently rising as a result of the country's growing web of instability. Many young people who have graduated from the country's universities are unemployed, dislike their degree of education, and are unwilling to contribute to the nation's economic growth. In addition to posing a serious risk to human life, youth unemployment stands in the way of economic growth and the fight against poverty. This essay made the case that Nigeria's high rate of youth unemployment is closely linked to the country's high rate of insecurity, and that in order to achieve sustainable development, the government must take the country's insecurity issues seriously in order to reduce youth unemployment. Documentary sources were used to gather data, and content analysis was used for analysis. The study was based on the fundamental ideas of John Dollard's frustrated aggression theory (1939). In order to combat insecurity and promote overall development, the report recommended that the government establish job opportunities with the goal of lowering unemployment and poverty.

Importance of Psychological Well-Being in Individuals’ Life

Prathana Patgiri, Utpal Borah — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Psychological well-being is a multi-dimensional construct that encompasses a balanced and comprehensive experience of life and is of utmost crucial with respect to how an individual adapts functions and leads a meaningful and productive life. Psychological well-being includes an individual’s mental and emotional state, overall assessment of their life. Psychological well-being can be defined by proper functioning of the psychological system. Positive functioning includes six important key dimensions of psychological well-being such as personal growth, autonomy, purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and positive relation with others. All these dimensions of psychological well-being lead to the contribution of mental health (Ryff, 1989). It is considered a holistic concept which includes different aspects and traits of an individual’s mental and emotional health. Psychological well-being is a broad concept that focuses mainly on a person’s optimal functioning rather than dysfunction and psychological distress. The absence of psychological distress does not necessarily mean an individual has high psychological well-being, as high psychological well-being is all about feeling a sense of happiness and performing well (Keyes, 2002). In simpler terms, those people with high psychological well-being reports feelings of happiness, capabilities and satisfaction with life. It is therefore, linked to greater happiness, longer lifespan, and better health. An effective psychological functioning includes sense of control or mastery, meaning and purpose in life, positive relationships and personal growth. Psychological well-being is the functioning within individuals and their relationships with others. The study was carried out on a limited number of literature reviews that explore the role and importance of psychological well-being on individuals. The present study contributes to a better understanding of various dimensions of well-being and their impacts on individuals.

Study on Factors Associated with Substance Use Among Undergraduate Students

Kuranga, L. J., Suleiman, S. — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research work focused on study factor associated with substance use among undergraduate students. The study employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data which was analyzed and modelled using binary logistic approach. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ²₍₂₇₎ = 144.006, p < 0.05. The model explained about 13.3% (Nagelkerke R²) of the variance in participants’ response to substance use/drug abuse and correctly classified 67.0% of cases. Females were 1.51 times more likely to use substance or abuse drug than males. The odds ratio (1.431) of single was associated with an increased likelihood of substance use or abuse drug than married or divorced/separated. Starting substance use from secondary school stage was 1.018 times more likely than higher institution and participants from the rural area was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of substance use or abuse drug than those from urban centers.

Artificial Intelligence Translation Approaches for Endangered Language Preservation and Revitalization

Shahad Alaa Hamza — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

As globalization accelerates, endangered languages face increasing vulnerability from dominant world languages. This paper investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly neural machine translation (NMT), can support the preservation and revitalization of endangered languages. The study examines AI translation technologies including neural machine translation, transfer learning techniques, and multilingual models that facilitate bidirectional translation between endangered and major world languages. It highlights successful applications of AI translation in creating parallel corpora, bilingual dictionaries, and cross-linguistic educational resources. The paper addresses critical challenges inherent to endangered language translation: severe data scarcity, lack of standardized orthography, complex morphological systems, and the imperative of preserving cultural nuance. Through analysis of quality assessment metrics and community-based evaluation approaches, this study emphasizes the essential role of human-AI collaboration in translation workflows. Findings indicate that while AI translation methods offer promising pathways for language preservation, success requires culturally sensitive model development, appropriate quality standards, and most critically, community ownership of both processes and resources to ensure meaningful and sustainable outcomes.

Development and Initial Validation of the School Characteristics Checklist in Bangalore City

Apoorva Deshpande, Alka Ranjan — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

School data is vital for identifying problems early and implementing awareness and intervention programs. Schools in India vary in various features such as their governing body, management type, board affiliation, number of grades, teaching medium, infrastructure, and facilities, etc. These heterogeneous characteristics, when included in a sample, lead to measurement errors and ultimately unclear conclusions. The school characteristics checklist outlines certain features of schools, which can be used to determine a homogeneous sample. The development of a school characteristics checklist and its content validity using expert judgment is reported in this article. The administration of the validated checklist among schools in urban Bengaluru is described. The checklist is easy to use, reduces confounding variables, and minimizes measurement errors. It makes the data collection method more scientific, structured, and reduces bias. Researchers conducting studies among school students, teachers, and school authorities can use the checklist to make their sample more representative. Scope for improvement includes establishing criterion-related validity, construct validity and reliability.

Strategies for Motivating Teachers to High Productivity Toward the Realization of Secondary School Music Education in Cross River State

Itaya Francis B, Akorekpin Dominic Okena, Asu-Nandi Patrick B, Otu Aniema — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigated strategies for motivating teachers toward higher productivity in the realization of secondary school music education objectives in Cross River State, Nigeria. The research was guided by two research questions and adopted a survey research design. The population of the study comprised all 302 music teachers in the 257 secondary schools across the state. A census approach was employed as no sampling was conducted; hence, the entire population participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts from the Music Education unit of the Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and its reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha. Administration and retrieval of the instrument were carried out by the researchers with the assistance of ten trained research assistants. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings of the study revealed eight key factors influencing the attitude of music teachers towards their teaching responsibilities and identified fifteen effective motivational strategies capable of enhancing their productivity. Based on the results, it was recommended that the government and educational stakeholders should provide adequate motivational incentives—such as improved welfare packages, recognition of efforts, opportunities for professional development, and provision of conducive working conditions—to encourage music teachers toward optimal productivity. These strategies are critical for achieving the objectives of secondary school music education and for ensuring quality teaching and learning outcomes in the state.

Evaluation of Universal Basic Education Programme in Delta State

James Azuka Olisa — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study comprehensively evaluated the implementation of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme in Delta State, Nigeria, with a focus on assessing the level of implementation, identifying challenges, and providing actionable suggestions for improvement. Employing a robust mixed-methods research design that seamlessly combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the study collected data from a diverse sample of 500 respondents. This sample included teachers, school administrators, and education officials, ensuring a well-rounded perspective on the programme's implementation.The primary objectives of the research were threefold: to assess the current level of implementation of the UBE programme in Delta State, to identify the key challenges facing the programme, and to provide evidence-based suggestions for improvement. To achieve these objectives, the study utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. This approach allowed for a nuanced understanding of the programme's implementation, capturing both the breadth and depth of the issues at hand.The quantitative data collected in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, to answer the four research questions. These statistical tools enabled the researcher to summarize and describe the central tendency and variability of the data, providing insights into the level of implementation and the challenges facing the UBE program. Additionally, inferential statistics, specifically Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), were employed to test the hypothesis formulated for this study. ANOVA allowed the researcher to determine whether there were significant differences in the perceptions of various respondent groups regarding the implementation of the UBE programme. The findings of this study reveal that the UBE program has been implemented in Delta State, Nigeria, albeit with notable challenges. Key among these challenges are inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and a shortage of qualified teachers. These challenges have significant implications for the quality of education delivered under the programme and underscore the need for urgent intervention. The study's results also suggest that increased funding, provision of adequate infrastructure, and recruitment of qualified teachers are essential for improving the implementation of the UBE programme The findings of this study have profound implications for policy and practice in the implementation of the UBE program in Nigeria. They highlight the critical need for policymakers to address the implementation challenges and to provide adequate resources to support the program. Furthermore, the study's results contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the UBE program, providing valuable insights into its implementation and challenges. By identifying areas for improvement and suggesting actionable recommendations, this study serves as a roadmap for policymakers and educators seeking to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the UBE programme In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the UBE programme's implementation in Delta State, Nigeria, highlighting both the progress made and the challenges that remain. The study's findings underscore the importance of addressing the programme's challenges through increased funding, improved infrastructure, and the recruitment of qualified teachers. By doing so, policymakers can ensure that the UBE programme achieves its objectives of providing quality basic education to all Nigerian children, thereby contributing to the country's socio-economic development.

Intersectional Solidarity: The Importance of Women in Canadian Educational Leadership Coming Together Over Time

Sharlene McHolm , Carolina Miranda — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Education is often considered the single most important indicator of a nation’s progress and promise. Education acts to offer opportunity and optimism for those that have not been born to wealth and privilege. Yet without thoughtful awareness, school systems can continue to perpetuate disadvantage – unless there is a leader willing to see the promise in everyone. Strong educational leadership is required to fortify the growth realized by individuals and push the boundaries forward from promise to actualization. It is an accepted fact that educational leadership is second only to teacher impact on student achievement, graduation rates, and attendance. Kind, intelligent and thoughtful leadership influences teacher retention rates, equity affirming practices and school cultures. In Canada, one of the most liberal countries in the world, continues to see difference in leadership opportunities for women, particularly those from equity deserving communities. This article takes a bi-ethnographic exploration of the journey of two school leaders with differing positionality but a shared goal of school leadership diversification.

AMRUT 2.0: A Comprehensive Review of India’s Urban Water Transformation Mission

Shourya Shrivastava, Savita Raje — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urban India is undergoing one of the fastest demographic transitions in the world, creating substantial pressure on water supply systems, wastewater management, stormwater infrastructure, and urban environmental quality. While the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), launched in 2015, made progress in expanding water supply and sewerage networks in 500 cities, significant gaps remained in universal service delivery, sustainability, and urban resilience. In 2021, the Government of India launched AMRUT 2.0, an expanded version of the programme with a stronger emphasis on water security, non-revenue water (NRW) reduction, decentralised wastewater treatment, digital governance, and nature-based urban interventions.

This review paper synthesises the mission’s objectives, components, funding structures, implementation frameworks, innovations, and early outcomes. It provides a detailed assessment of case studies from India and global urban water programmes to situate AMRUT 2.0 within broader discourses on integrated water management, climate resilience, and sustainable urban development. The analysis highlights the mission’s strengths—universal water coverage, multi-scalar wastewater treatment, digital platforms, blue–green infrastructure, and reform-driven financing—while identifying persistent challenges such as institutional capacity, funding gaps, technological readiness, socio-spatial inequalities, and climate risks. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen AMRUT 2.0’s long-term impact, emphasising governance reforms, nature-based strategies, financial sustainability, and community participation.