The Evolution of Federalism in India

Abstract

This paper studies the evolution of federalism in India from colonial times to today. Federalism divides power between the central government and state governments. It helps manage the country’s diversity and maintain national unity. The study examines historical developments, including British administration and the Government of India Act of 1935 and key constitutional provisions on legislative, executive and financial powers. It also looks at centre-state conflicts, emergency powers and regional demands. Emerging trends like cooperative federalism, decentralization and digital governance are discussed. The paper concludes that Indian federalism is dynamic, balancing national priorities with state needs.