Encapsulation and Polymer Coating Strategies in Autonomous Self-Healing Materials: A Mini Review

Abstract

Self-healing materials have garnered significant interest for their ability to autonomously repair damage, improve reliability, and extend the service life of polymer systems. Among various strategies, micro- and nano-encapsulation of healing agents combined with polymeric coatings has emerged as an effective approach, enabling controlled release, protection of active agents, and enhanced mechanical performance. This review highlights recent advances in encapsulation techniques, including physical, chemical, and physico-chemical methods, and examines the influence of capsule size, shell thickness, and morphology on healing efficiency. The selection of polymer coatings thermoset, thermoplastic, and stimuli-responsive is discussed in relation to mechanical reinforcement, environmental resistance, and triggerable release mechanisms. Key self-healing mechanisms, such as capsule rupture, diffusion-based repair, and multi-cycle healing, are summarized.