Recent Advances in Antimony Sulfide (Sb2S3) Thin Films

Abstract

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has emerged as a promising earth-abundant and environmentally benign semiconductor for next-generation thin-film photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications [1].The material exhibits a suitable bandgap, high optical absorption coefficient, and excellent chemical stability, making it a strong candidate for low-cost solar energy conversion technologies [2].Unlike conventional chalcogenide absorbers such as CdTe and CIGS, Sb2S3 does not rely on toxic or scarce elements, which significantly improves its sustainability profile [3].Sb2S3 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure composed of quasi-one-dimensional (Sb2S3) ribbon chains, resulting in highly anisotropic electrical and optical properties [4].These anisotropic characteristics strongly influence charge transport, defect formation, and device performance in thin-film solar cells [5].In recent years, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to controlling the morphology, crystallinity, and orientation of Sb2S3 thin films to overcome efficiency limitations [6].Various deposition techniques, including chemical bath deposition, spin coating, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis, and thermal evaporation, have been systematically explored to optimize film quality [7].