Shadows in the City: Unveiling the Theories Behind Criminal Behavior in Urban Gambia

Abstract

Criminal behaviour in urban Gambia has significantly increased, challenging public safety, economic growth, and social stability, thus becoming a major concern for policymakers, law enforcement, and the public. This study identified the factors leading to these behaviours, examined the effects, and analysed associated challenges. A mixed-method research design was adopted. The study population comprised 1,939 persons from several governmental and non-governmental organisations. A sample size (332) was determined using the Yamane (1967) formula, and stratified random sampling guaranteed proportional representation. Data collected were assessed using correlation and multiple regression for hypotheses, while interviews were qualitatively analysed. Findings revealed that reducing poverty, unemployment, and income inequality is essential to decreasing crime, while effective law enforcement and rehabilitation enhance social cohesion and economic development. The study concludes that minimising poverty, unemployment, and income inequality, along with effective law enforcement, is key to lowering crime and promoting social cohesiveness.