International Journal of Research

The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Incidental Language Learning

Ch. Aparna — 2025-11-09

This paper focuses on the role of social media platforms in incidental language learning, or language acquisition as a by-product to doing non-pedagogical communicative acts, and that social media platforms can be used as a significant affordance to vocabulary development, pragmatic competence, multimodal literacy, and motivation. Basing on cognitive and sociocultural theories of second-language acquisition, synthesising data of the empirical and conceptual research, the paper recognises the mechanisms of how social media promotes incidental learning (ubiquitous exposure, repetition of retrieval opportunity, contextualised input, and peer interaction), features of different platforms to particular learning processes, and pedagogical implications. The article also identifies limitations (noise and distraction, shallow processing, unequal access, and privacy concern), design ideas to teacher-mediated use, and future research directions to help us learn more about the influences of social media patterns, affordances, and algorithms on learner attributes to determine how they proactively generate incidental language findings. The conclusion has implications to the classroom practitioners, instructional designers and policymakers interested in utilizing social media ecologies in a responsible manner in an effort to supplement formal instruction of language.

AI In Humanitarian Work: Protecting Refugees and Vulnerable Groups

Purba Ganguly — 2025-11-09

The twenty-first century is defined by two major global phenomena—the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the intensification of humanitarian crises affecting millions worldwide. With over 120 million people forcibly displaced as of 2025 (UNHCR), the need for innovative humanitarian solutions is more urgent than ever. AI, capable of simulating human intelligence for complex problem-solving, has begun transforming humanitarian operations through predictive analytics, biometric registration, and language translation tools that enhance aid delivery and crisis management. However, the integration of AI into humanitarian work raises critical ethical and human rights concerns, particularly regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and surveillance risks among vulnerable populations. This article explores the dual nature of AI in humanitarian contexts—its potential to enhance protection and efficiency alongside its capacity to infringe on dignity and autonomy. It emphasizes that AI’s responsible and equitable application must be grounded in transparency, accountability, inclusivity, and respect for human rights.

ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement and Trans-Border Closure: Implications on United Nations-ECOWAS Partnership

Madumelu . H.C. Madubueze — 2025-11-11

The study focused on strengthening UN – ECOWAS partnership towards sustaining Ecowas protocol on free movement of trades and persons. Consequently, the paper posit that the cardinal objective of Ecowas protocol which is to strengthen the economy of member states have suffered setback of recent as characterize by national security infriction as argued by some member states; this has led to Trans – Border closure. In this context, the paper examined national security as the object of Trans – Border closure.